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Burkholderia gladioli
''Burkholderia gladioli'' is a species of aerobic gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria〔Coenye, Tom, and Vandamme, Peter. (2007). Burkholderia: Molecular Microbiology and Genomics. Horizon Bioscience〕 that causes disease in both humans and plants. It can also live in symbiosis with plants and fungi〔Stoyanova, M., Pavlina, I., Moncheva, P., & Bogatzevska, N. (2007, March). Biodiversity and Incidence of Burkholderia Species. Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq., 47: 306-310.〕 and is found in soil, water, the rhizosphere, and in many animals. It was formerly known as ''Pseudomonas marginata''.
One pathovariety, growing on coconut pulp, produces the respiratory toxin bongkrek acid which can cause fatal poisoning in humans.
==Nomenclature==
The members of the genus ''Burkholderia'' were formally classified as ''Pseudomonas'', but ''Burkholderia'' was one of the seven genera that arose when ''Pseudomonas'' was divided based on rRNA differences.〔Prescott, L. M., Harley, J. P., & Klein, D. A. (2005). Bacteria: The Proteobacteria. In Microbiology, 6th Edition (pp. 482-483). New York: McGraw-Hill.〕 ''Burkholderia gladioli'' is closely related to, and often mistaken for, a member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. This includes ten closely related species, which are all plant pathogens.
''Burkholderia gladioli'' is divided into three pathovars: ''gladioli'', ''allicola'', and ''agaricicola''. ''B. gladioli'' pv. ''gladioli'' causes gladiolus rot, ''allicola'' causes onion bulb rot, and ''agaricicola'' causes soft rot in mushrooms 〔Jiao, Zhenquan, et al. (2003). Need to Differentiate Lethal Toxin-Producing Strains of Burkholderia gladioli, Which Cause Seere Food Poisoning: Description of B. gladioli Pathovar cocovenenans and an Emended Description of B. gladioli. Microbiol. Immunol, 915-925.〕
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